What Are The Metal Structures Of The Crane

What are The Metal Structures Of The Crane

Shaped steel and steel plates rolled from metal materials are used as basic components, and are connected according to certain structural composition rules by methods such as riveting and welding. The structure that can bear the load is called a metal structure. These metal structures can be made into beams, columns, trusses and other basic force-bearing components according to the needs, and then these metal force-bearing components are connected by welding or bolts to form bridges, portal frames, towers and other load-bearing structures for cranes. Also known as crane steel structure.

As one of the main components of the crane, the steel structure of the crane is mainly used to support various loads, so it must have sufficient strength, rigidity and stability. As a lifting operator, it is not necessary to master the strength, rigidity and stability of the steel structure of the crane. How to design and how to carry out test inspection and verification, it is important that the crane driver is good at observing and discovering hidden dangers and failures related to the strength, stiffness and stability of the steel structure of the crane, so as to take timely remedial measures.
 

For example, plastic deformation (permanent deformation) occurs in the partial or overall stressed components of the steel structure of the crane. With plastic deformation, there is a strength problem, which may be caused by overloading or fatigue; the main force of the steel structure of the crane Excessive elastic deformation of components, such as the main beam, has caused severe vibration, which will involve rigidity problems, which may be caused by overloading or impact vibration; When the cantilever end is overloaded or the hoisting range is too large, the crane will tip over, which belongs to the overall stability of the crane. These are the basic knowledge closely related to the form, strength, stiffness and stability of the steel structure of the crane.
 

The following will briefly introduce the composition and characteristics of several typical crane steel structures.

1. Steel structure of general bridge crane
 

The steel structure of the general bridge crane refers to the bridge frame of the bridge crane.
 

The steel structure (bridge frame) of the bridge crane is mainly composed of main girders, end girders, railings, walking platforms, tracks and driver's cabs.
 

The main beam and the end beam are connected by welding or bolts. The end beams are mostly welded into a box-shaped structure by steel plates, and the cross-sectional structure of the main beam is various. The commonly used ones are mostly box-shaped section beams or truss-type main beams.
 

2. Steel structure of lattice gantry crane
 

The steel structure of the gantry crane refers to the gantry of the gantry crane.
 

The steel structure of the truss gantry crane - the gantry is mainly composed of saddles, main beams, outriggers, lower beams and cantilever beams. The above five parts are all stress components. In order to facilitate production, transportation and installation, bolts are often used to connect the components.
 

The gantry of the gantry crane is also very common in the form of a box girder, and its outriggers usually use one rigid and one flexible outrigger when the span is greater than 35m.
 

According to the different section types of the main girder of the truss gantry crane, it can be divided into gantry double beam, four truss type and triangular section and other types.
 

3. Steel structure of tower crane
 

The steel structure of the tower crane refers to the tower of the tower crane. The steel structure of the self-elevating tower crane - the tower is composed of the tower body, the jib, the balance arm, the climbing sleeve, the attachment device and the chassis, etc. The tower body, the jib frame and the base are the main force-bearing components, the jib frame and the balance arm are connected to the tower body through pin shafts, and the tower body and the bottom frame are connected and fixed by screws.
 

The tower body is a truss structure with a square cross section, which is assembled and welded by angle steel.
 

The jib is a bending jib, and the cross-section is mostly a rectangular truss structure, which is assembled and welded by angle steel or round pipes.
 

4. Steel structure of portal crane
 

The steel structure of the gantry crane is composed of cross-type gantry, rotating column, truss type herringbone frame and rigid tie rod combined jib and other components. Among them, the door frame, herringbone frame and jib frame are the main force-bearing components. The components are fixed by pin connection or bolt connection.
 

5. Steel structure of tire crane
 

The steel structure of the tire crane is mainly composed of three parts: the boom 1, the turntable 2 and the frame 3. The boom structure is divided into truss type and telescopic boom type, and the telescopic boom type is a box structure. The truss boom is welded by section steel or steel pipe, and the box telescopic boom is welded by steel plate. The boom is the main force-bearing component, which directly affects the load-carrying capacity, overall stability and self-weight of the crane.